The subject of this research is a theoretical analysis of Islamic governance—from a Quranic perspective—within the thought of Professor Motahhari. The study aims to examine and analyze Islamic governance through the thinker's own authentic, epistemological approach and independent theoretical framework. The central issue focuses on a theoretical analysis of the process by which Islamic governance is established, as viewed through the Quran and articulated in the thought of Motahhari. The research employs a thematic approach and utilizes Motahhari’s methodology—grounded in an analysis of the human being (the Islamic subject) and Islamic society within the context of Quranic concepts and phenomena—to analyze the nature of Islamic governance. In the Islamic approach, Quranic concepts—such as *roshd* (growth/development)—are employed to analyze Islamic governance. The interactive relationship between the governance system and the people, alongside the fundamental roles of the leadership structure and the consequent structure, organization, and management of society, give rise to Islamic governance. Consequently, Motahhari’s focus lay primarily on deriving a model of governance from religious sources, with a particular emphasis on analyzing the element of "leadership." He was deeply concerned about the challenges, potential pitfalls, and failures in the realms of Islamic governance and management; indeed, he recognized the necessity of addressing governance issues in his own time earlier than any other thinker.