People-based governance in the Islamic state is considered one of the fundamental components of political power in the Islamic Republic of Iran, so that analyzing the path of the country's political and social progress without paying attention to this key axis is not possible. The Islamic-Iranian model of progress document, emphasizing the people-based and participatory governance model, tries to establish the strategic role of the state while defining an active and effective position for citizens in various fields, especially in political participation and popular oversight. This article, focusing on the people-based governance approach in the Islamic state, analyzes the responsibilities and obligations of the state in realizing the capacities of public participation and oversight based on the principles and provisions of the model document. Based on various parts of the document, and relying on principles such as preserving human dignity, providing conditions for a good life, ensuring comprehensive security, and ensuring political and social freedoms, the Islamic state is obliged to play an effective role in areas such as expanding public participation, strengthening popular oversight, realizing political justice, establishing meritocracy in the power structure, and promoting institutional accountability. This research, using a descriptive-analytical method and a comparative study approach between the model document and sources of Islamic political thought, explains the theoretical and practical dimensions of these responsibilities and shows that the realization of people-based governance is a necessary condition for the sustainability, efficiency, and legitimacy of the Islamic state on the path of civilizational progress.