The subject of governance, despite the novelty of this term in contemporary literature and its broad scope in managing human society, has historically been one of the most important socio-political issues in human communities, particularly regarding the methods of ruling. Thinkers—from ancient Greece to the present—have consistently presented their theories on optimal governance through various approaches. With the advent of Islam and the establishment of the Prophetic government in Medina, a distinct model of governance was introduced. Following the Prophet’s passing and under the rule of various Umayyad and Abbasid caliphs, the concept of Islamic governance gradually emerged, distinguished from other forms of governance throughout history. yatollah Taleghani, a contemporary thinker and one of the prominent figures of religious reform in Iran, has proposed a new model for Islamic governance based on a Quranic perspective. The main research question of this study concerns Ayatollah Taleghani’s vision and ideas for optimal Islamic governance. The research employs a descriptive-analytical method and draws on Thomas Sprinz’s theoretical framework. In analyzing and examining Ayatollah Taleghani’s thoughts, the study follows a four-step approach. According to the hypothesis of this article, the most pivotal component of optimal Islamic governance, based on Quranic teachings and the Prophetic tradition, is the design of governance on the basis of Consultative Principles (Shura). This has been identified as the most significant finding of the study, offering a scientific framework for overcoming the current situation and achieving the ideal state in Islamic governance.