People-centric governance in the Islamic system is a necessary condition for the sustainability, effectiveness, and legitimacy of the Islamic government on the path to civilizational progress. This form of governance, based on the active, informed, and responsible participation of citizens and the institutionalized synergy between society and governing structures, encompasses foundations such as upholding citizen dignity, providing grounds for society to achieve a flourishing life (Hayat Tayyiba) ensuring comprehensive security, and guaranteeing political and social freedoms. The present research, employing a descriptive-analytical method and a comparative approach, re-examines the sources of Islamic political thought and compares them with the framework of the Iranian Islamic Progress Model. The central research question is: Considering the necessary foundations for achieving people-centric governance and drawing on the document outlining the Iranian Islamic Progress Model, what are the responsibilities of the Islamic government in realizing that governance? The research hypothesis posits that, based on the core values of comprehensive security, legitimate political and social freedoms, the rule of law, upholding citizen dignity, and idealism grounded in a flourishing life (Hayat Tayyiba), the five areas of responsibility for the Islamic government in realizing people-centric governance are: institutional regulation, functional accountability, normative justice, meritocracy, and empowering citizens for comprehensive participation. Implementing these responsibilities will create the conditions for active and responsible public participation, functional accountability, political and social justice, and enhancing the legitimacy and effectiveness of the system.